Objective: To study the factors contributing to total knee replacement. Methodology: Pharmacoepidemiological study on 150 patients was conducted who underwent TKA and THA over a period of 6 months. Patient’s information was collected from the case records and the data was compiled and subjected to analysis for prescribing pattern and drug - drug interactions. Rationality of the prescription was evaluated using WHO core indicators and NLEM. Results: Female population (71%) contributed to more knee and hip replacement surgeries compared to male (29%). Age group between 60-70 years had higher surgeries compared to the other age groups. Class 1 obesity with the BMI ranging from 30-40 (45%) had more surgeries followed by overweight group (39%). 89% of the population has total knee replacement surgery where as a smaller population had undergone total hip replacement. A total of 2701 drugs were utilized for post surgical management. Nutritional supplements (31.2%) contributed to the major proportion of the drug prescribed. Analgesics (14.2%), steroids (12.2%), Anti-ulcer (11.1%), anticoagulants (6.14%), antihistamines (6%), CNS agents (5.84%), laxatives (5.8%), antibiotics (5.5%) and bisphosphonates (1.5%) were also found in the prescription. According to WHO prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 18, drugs prescribed by generic name contributed to (12.8%), antibiotic per prescription (5.3%), injections per prescription (28.8%) and NLEM drugs per prescription (62.8%) were found. Out of 150 prescriptions 186 drug - drug interactions were found, among them 62.9% were severe, 33.3% moderate and 3.7% minor drug - drug interaction. Diclofenac + Rivaroxaban ranked first among DDIs. Conclusion: Females above the age of 60 and are obese are at high risk of knee replacement surgeries. Multidrug therapy has leads to drug - drug interactions and might potentially harm the patient.

Hyperlipidemia is a leading risk factor causing atherosclerosis and leads to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Many antihyperlipidemic drugs having several disadvantages of low water solubility, poor bioavailability thus, there is a considerable need for the development of efficient delivery methods and carriers. The present review focuses on the importance and role of various nanoparticulate systems as carrier for antihyperlipidemic drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Liquisolid Technique is a novel technique. It is used to improve the dissolution rate of the poorly water soluble drugs like Loperamide. The liquisolid compacts were prepared by using carrier, coating material and liquid medication. Liquisolid compacts refer to the formulations that are formed by conversion of liquid drugs, drug suspension or solution in non-volatile solvents into dry non-adherent, free flowing and compressible powder mixture. Hence, the liquisolid technology allows the conversion of liquid systems into solid drug delivery systems such as Tablets. The crystallinity of the newly formulated drug and the interaction between excipients were examined by X – ray Powder Diffraction (X – RD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally among various formulations of Loperamide liquisolid compacts, the optimal formulation of the batch F2, prepared with 2% Propylene glycol and 20mg Aerosil showed an increased dissolution rate of poorly water soluble loperamide drug of about 85% drug release within 15 minutes. Loperamide, is a Piperidine derivative and it is used as an Anti – diarrheal agent.

The main objective of the study is to formulate Doxorubicin loaded nanosponges. The nanosponges were prepared by Emulsion solvent diffusion method using various concentrations of Eudragit and Ethyl cellulose. An ideal drug therapy attains effective drug concentration at the target site for a specified period of time and minimizes general and local side effects. To obtain a desirable therapeutic response, the correct amount of drug should be transported and delivered to the site of action with subsequent control of drug in putrate. Nanosponges are made of microscopic particles with few nanometers wide cavities, in which a large variety of substances can be encapsulated. These particles possess the ability to carry both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances and thereby improving the solubility of poorly water soluble molecules. The prepared nanosponges were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. The prepared nanosponges have the average particle size was found to be 4097nm with PDI value 1.000 zeta potential was found to be -24.3mV. The above results are confirmed the prepared nanosponges is used for the breast cancer treatment.

It is often used to treat an overdose of the L-amino acid molecule, which is acylated to N-acetylserotonin. Several scientific studies show that supplementation of N-acetylenene improves clinical trials show that it may help to stop exacerbation of COPD and delay or slow down the onset of contrast-induced kidney problems and help with the management of pulmonary fibrosis until it is diagnosed, as well. N-Cysteine can be used to treat H. pylori and an H. pylori-align prevention in cancer treatment in patients receiving gentamicin adenoids for the prevention of hearing loss due to gentamicin dopamine administration in patients doing dialysis.