Introduction:Senna occidentalis  is  a  medium-sized  annual  plant  growing   both wild and home  in  Northern Nigeria, which  belongs  to  the  family Fabaceae. The seeds were reported for various medicinal properties. A thick aqueous solution of the seed is used for the treatment of hemi crania, muscle cramps, back pain, hysteria or epilepsy in folklore medicine. Objective of the study: As antiepileptic action is due to muscle relaxation we investigated the antinociceptive, muscle relaxant and locomotor activities of pure ethanol seed extract of S. occidentalis (ESESO) in Wistar rats in comparison with that of diazepam. Methods: Extract was evaluated for its muscle relaxant action compared with control and standard drug (diazepam) using Rotarod and photoactometer. Fifty mice  of  either  sex  were  taken  and  divided  into  five  groups  of  10 animals  each.  First group was considered as control, second as standard (Diazepam), third, fourth and fifth as test group (with three different doses of ESESO); all the drugs were given orally. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that ESESO contained anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and carbohydrates, while toxicity studies showed that at doses above 2000 mg/kg b.w, most of the animals died.  Doses of  100  and  200  mg/kg  of  ESESO  significantly  reduced  the  time  spent  by  the  animals on revolving  rod  when  compared  to  control  (P<0.01).  There was dose dependent increase in muscle relaxation, maximum with 200 mg/kg. The spontaneous locomotor activity with three different doses of ESESO (50,100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) showed dose dependent decrease in locomotor activity that is 71.37%, 85.11% and 87.73% respectively when compared to control. The values are highly significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that ethanol seed extract of Senna occidentalis has muscle relaxant activity as well as other properties investigated in rats.

The main objective of the work was to design and characterize MPEG-b-PCL nanoparticles containing Antimicrotubular Taxane and then the prepared nanoparticles were freeze dried to increase the stability during storage condition. Paclitaxel was an Antimicrotubular Taxane prevents the uncontrolled cell division of tumor cells. From the prepared formulations with varying drug to polymer concentrations, optimised formulation was selected based on the higher EE and in vitro drug release and then the formulation was subjected to freeze drying , after that EE%, release studies, particle size and Zeta potential analysis were carried out to find out the significant change between freeze dried and normal formulation. The average particle sizes of Nanoparticles before and after lyophilisation were found in the size range of nanomicellar level (10-200 nm).The drug loading content or entrapment efficiencies of nanoparticles increases with increasing polymer concentration up to particular value. Release kinetics of selected formulation showed zero order with mechanistic Fickian diffusion release from nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were stored at refrigerated and normal room temperature condition as per WHO guidelines to check the stability.

The current investigation aims to evaluate the transdermal transport of vesicular carrier ethosome. Captorpil ethosomal carriers were prepared, optimized and characterized for vesicular size, entrapment efficiency and In-vitro drug release study. Ethosome formulation were prepared(F₁-F₅) by keeping drug, lecithin, propylene glycol concentration as constant as 0.05% w/w, 2% w/w and 10% w/w respectively and changing the concentration of ethanol by 20, 30, 40,50,60%w/w from F1 toF5. The effects of different concentration of ethanol were studied. The size of the vesicles were observed as decreased with increasing the ethanol concentration from 20-40% and shows no effect on the size at further increasing ethanol concentration to 50-60%. F3 ethosomes with 40%w/w ethanol were found to show highest captopril release (79.78 ±0.60). Vesicle size of F3 was found to be (92±9.0%) and zeta potential was (-17.6±2.30). In final phase of formulation development, F3 ethosomes were converted into gel (F3-G1, F3-G2, F3-G3) using three different carbopol concentrations (1.0, 1.5, 2.0%w/w). Captopril encapsulated in F3-G2 ethosomes in 1.5%gel was found to have shown maximum In-vitro drug release (85.21±1.23%) as compared to other carbopol concentrations and free drug gel (G4).

An isocratic Simultaneous estimation by RP-HPLC Method were developed and validated for the quantification of Fluoxetine Hcl and Olanzapine in tablet dosage form. Quantification was achieved by using a reversed-phase C18 column (HYPERSIL 3V ODS Column, 5µ, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) at ambient temperature with mobile phase consisting of Mixed Phosphate buffer (KH₂PO₄ and K₂HPO₄): Acetonitrile (55:45) pH-5.8. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Measurements were made at a wavelength of 261nm. The average retention time for Fluoxetine Hcl and Olanzapine were found to be 2.427 min and 3.427. The proposed method was validated for selectivity, precision, linearity and accuracy. The assay methods were found to be linear from 72-168 µg/ml for Fluoxetine Hcl and 18 to 48µg/ml for Olanzapine. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Fluoxetine Hcl and Olanzapine in tablet dosage form.

“A chemical substance derived from microorganisms, which has the capacity of inhibiting growth and even destroying other organisms in dilute solutions is called as antibiotic” was introduced by Selman and Waksman in 1942. Endophytes - Microbes that colonize living internal tissues of plants without causing any immediate, overt negative effect. In this present study we collected roots, stems and leaf samples of mangrove plant in sterile cover from pichavaram mangrove forest, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India. Samples transferred to lab and processed immediately after surface sterilization by standard procedure. Isolation and purification of endophytic bacteria was done by using starch casein agar with antibiotics to inhibit the growth of fungi. In vitro screening was done to identify antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria by agar well diffusion method with 9 different clinical pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Escheriachia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas fluorescese, Pseudomonas auruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogens. Totally 24 isolates were recovered from all the samples. 9 isolate from root, 8 isolate from stem and 7 isolate from leaf samples. Up on that 4 isolate from root, 2 isolate from stem and 2 isolate from leaf shows best activity against most of the clinical pathogens.