The goal in designing sustained release drug delivery system is to reduce the frequency of the dosing, reducing the dose and providing uniform drug delivery. So, Sustained release dosage form is a dosage form that releases one or more drugs continuously in predetermined pattern for a fixed period of time, either systemically or locally to specified target organ. For the treatment of infections, various conventional oral dosage forms like tablets, capsules, suspensions, syrups etc., are available in market. The difficulty experienced in frequent medication and unpleasant taste. For this reason microencapsulated suspensions have attracted great deal of attention. This microencapsulated suspension achieved long half-life to the formulation with masked taste. The Aim of the study is related to the formulation and evaluation of Ofloxacin 25ml of microencapsulated suspension by solvent evaporation method. From the experimental data obtained, it can be concluded that, Ofloxacin + HPMC (30mg) formulation suitable for formulation of microencapsulated suspension of Ofloxacin.

The primary goal of the current review was to increase drug deposition in the skin by developing a microsponge based on oral and topical drug delivery systems, as well as by preparing microsponges and their delivery system (MDS). The tiny porous particles known as microsponges are composed of polymers. Microsponges do not cause bacterial growth; they are self-sterilizing. Microsponge preparation techniques include oil-in-oil emulsion solvent diffusion (O/O) employing polymers, vibrating orifice aerosol production and liquid liquid suspension. The quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method is a practical approach to microsponge research. For eight hours, the microsponge's highest formulation was 86.76% and 84.25%, respectively. Its spherical shape and size ranged from 5 to 300 microns and it produced good amounts of oxiconazole nitrate, benzoyl peroxide, fluconazole and ketoprofen. Use of microsponges as a delivery mechanism in formulation goods such as tablets, creams, gels, liquid suspensions, or powders. The lowest dosage, increase efficacy, lessen adverse effects and alter drug release.

Medicinal plants have long been employed in traditional medicine to treat viral infections, offering a rich source of chemically diverse compounds with potential therapeutic value. Interest in herbal antivirals has grown in recent years, particularly in the context of emerging infectious diseases and the limitations of current antiviral drugs. However, the transition of these remedies into evidence-based medicine is far from straightforward. Major challenges include variability in phytochemical content due to differences in cultivation, harvest seasons and processing methods, as well as safety concerns such as possible herb-drug interactions. The absence of validated analytical methods and robust pharmacological testing further complicates quality assurance. At the research level, progress is constrained by a lack of well-designed, large-scale clinical trials and by regulatory frameworks that are not fully adapted to the complexity of botanical mixtures. At the same time, important translational opportunities are emerging. Herbal antivirals may serve as valuable adjuncts to conventional therapies, providing complementary mechanisms of action and enhancing clinical outcomes. Advances in artificial intelligence, bioinformatics and network pharmacology are also opening new avenues for predicting plant–virus interactions and accelerating the discovery process. Moving forward, multidisciplinary collaboration between ethnobotanists, virologists and pharmaceutical scientists is essential, along with harmonized regulatory standards and investment in research infrastructure. With balanced attention to both potential and limitations, herbal antivirals can progress from traditional knowledge to scientifically validated contributions in global health.

A large body of research has explored various aspects of lipstick formulation, yet no comprehensive summary of these studies has been compiled until now. This review aims to provide an overview of the history of lipsticks, the ingredients used in their formulation-focusing on both natural and synthetic components-the methods of preparation and their characterization. Relevant English-language publications were identified through searches of electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. The literature consistently indicates that lipsticks have been used since ancient times and remain among the most popular cosmetic products. This review consolidates previous findings on the diverse ingredients and manufacturing techniques employed in lipstick production. Moreover, it emphasizes the growing significance of adopting eco-friendly technologies and natural ingredients in lipstick formulation to minimize adverse effects such as skin irritation and allergic reactions.

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) belongs to the Moraceae family, native to India and seen abundant in Western Ghats, a biodiversity spot of India. Jackfruit grow as an evergreen tree that has a relatively short trunk with a dense treetop. It easily reaches heights of 10 to 20m (33 to 66 feet) and trunk diameters of 30 to 80cm (12 to 31 inches). There are two varieties of jackfruit in India: one is small, fibrous, soft and mushy, with sweet carpels and a texture like that of raw oysters and is called Barka, and the other variety is crisp and crunchy, but not very sweet and is called Kapa. Jackfruit is a monecious plant, depending on the soil and climate, pollinated blossoms can take several months to mature into ripe fruit. The jackfruit seed starch as super disintegrant is suitable for the preparation of fast-dissolving tablets. Jackfruit contain high amount of vitamins and minerals. The fruit is rich in carotene and carbohydrates and moderately rich in ascorbic acid. Jackfruit also contains minerals like calcium and potassium and Vitamin B complex group like thiamin, riboflavin and Niacin and Jackfruit is a tropical tree, which has numerous health benefits of jackfruit including anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, healing.